2. Profits über Alles! American Corporations and Hitler - Jacques R. Pauwels Le Travail No. 51 Spring 2003
3. Articles under collective heading - The oil industry and destruction of public transport. 4. Biographies of Sir Robert Risson:
http://www.hawthorntramdepot.org.au/papers/risson.htm
Or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Risson 1. Worldwatch Institute, State of the World Report 1993 Ch. 7. Rediscovering Rail by Marcia D Lowe. Note 66 David Alan Aschauer, "Transportation Spending and Economic Growth: The Effects of Transit and Highway Expenditures" American Public Transit Association Washington DC Sept 1991. 1. see Mobility Culture: Copenhagen Declaration Text adopted during the Car Free Cities Annual General Meeting 1996 8 May 1996 Copenhagen 1. In "The Road from Inequity" by Peter Mumford - for the Adam Smith Institute - (A privitisation-advocacy thinktank in Britain). It's dubious because pollution costs are minimised, it doesn't include appropriation of police and litigation resources, and it's definitely not true globally (Britain has comparatively high car taxing). While dubious in Britain, the statement is patently untrue in Australia. $14 Billion is collected in all taxes, and though a separate compulsory insurance scheme covers personal injuries from collisions; congestion alone is calculated at $13 Billion cost and infrastructure at $7 Billion cost per annum, without even approaching environmental costs. These figures are available as facts sheets from the Australian Government Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics. 1. Most data from "The Decline of the Age of Oil" by Brian J Fleah. Pluto Press Australia. 1995.
1. NSW Royal Motorist Association driver opinion survey NSW Australia 1997. 1. Initiated by an article by Garrit Hardin in 1968 "The Tragedy of the Commons". Copy of original article at. http://dieoff.com/page95.htm last Revised 2009-07-09 JM
Mayer D. Institutionalizing Overconsumption Culture... how ours has been twisted by economic values:
Chomsky N. National City Lines; the big guys close down public transport in the USA, Extract: 'Year 501'
Gosling A. Tearing up the Tracks, Public transport pulled apart to make way for death, pollution, stress..... and profit.
Gosling A. Blueprint for a Green LondonConsumerism
Eco Critical Public Investment
Fiscal Black Hole
Freedom Of The Road
Global Danger
Infill Development
Landspace Economics
nt2 From RoadFacts 2000.
nt3 From RoadFacts 2000. As this includes all urban local roads, not just those in cities of 40000 or more population, it inflates the local road area a little, so this could reduce the rent figure slightly, further detail of stats is needed for an exact figure, but some other lack of detail reduces the figure in other stats, it might balance out.
nt4 width of space (2.6m) x length ((5.m) + access lane width (4m)) (measured in supermarket car-park Adelaide)
nt5 Excludes parking or traffic fines
nt6 2000 from ABS
nt7 estimate from curb to curb, not counting naturestrips or footpaths
nt8 estimate from random measurements
nt9 An estimate. Any stats on actual numbers would be welcome. These are "free" car park spaces that receive public subsidy through taxation or commercial subsidy (eg supermarket) through price structure, or residential cross subsidy through rents (from non drivers and drivers alike).
nt10 approx. 75% of national car fleet. Approx. 80% of pop that lives in cities of 40000 or more,
nt11 Value arbitrated as lower (2/3) than urban industrial average rent value, in consideration of the lower level proprietary rights and development; but not much lower in consideration of opportunity cost for excluding residential, retail, recreation and office use. Calculated from Real Estate Institute of Australia values. See Spreadsheet for details.
nt12 See, Nature of Ban, Public Transport to Displace Cars and Transport Displacement.
nt13 Multiply Arterial road length by Arterial road width
nt14 Multiply local road length by Local road width
nt15 Add Local and Arterial road areas
nt16 Multiply sum of Urban and Local Road Lengths by optimal road width
nt17 subtract optimal urban road area from actual urban road area
nt18 Multiply parking space area by ratio of parking spaces to cars, then multiply by urban car fleet numbers
nt19 extra road and car park area over and above optimal roadspace, area demanded exclusively by car culture and unnecessary otherwise,
nt20 divide car culture appropriation by car fleet numbers, this doesn't count any private space appropriated, paid parking or private driveways and garages
nt21 Multiply car culture appropriation by rent per m2.
nt22 (Space subsidy *100)/GDP
nt23 (Taxes*100)/Space Subsidy This would be a greater percentage if parking fines were included; but so far I've found no data on this (still looking). Ordinary paid parking space is not included in the subsidized space area.
nt24 Annual rent due divided by Urban Car fleet.
nt25 Annual rent due divided by Australian population. Amount paid by every person in Australia to subsidize the privileged access to space of urban car drivers.
nt26 Amount each urban car culture member doesn't pay for space appropriation they exclusively access, to other's detriment.
Mobility Culture
Nature Of Ban
Oil Crisis Economics
Reaction to a Ban
Real Alternative Transport
Social
Space Issues
Strategy Of Ban
Tragedy of the Commons
Transit Systems to Displace Cars
Transport Displacement
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